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Preface … xv

• About ProDOS … xv
• About This Manual … xvi
• What These Mean … xvii
• About the Apple IIc … xvii

Chapter 1 - Introduction … 1

• 1.1 - What Is ProDOS? … 2

  • 1.1.1 - Use of Disk Drives … 3
  • 1.1.2 - Volume and File Characteristics … 5
  • 1.1.3 - Use of Memory … 5
  • 1.1.4 - Use of Interrupt Driven Devices … 6
  • 1.1.5 - Use of Other Devices … 6

• 1.2 - Summary … 7

Chapter 2 - File Use … 9

• 2.1 - Using Files … 10

  • 2.1.1 - Pathnames … 10
  • 2.1.2 - Creating Files … 13
  • 2.1.3 - Opening Files … 13
  • 2.1.4 - The EOF and MARK … 14
  • 2.1.5 - Reading and Writing Files … 15
  • 2.1.6 - Closing and Flushing Files … 16
  • 2.1.7 - File Levels … 17

• 2.2 - File Organization … 17

  • 2.2.1 - Directory Files and Standard Files … 17
  • 2.2.2 - File Structure … 18
  • 2.2.3 - Sparse Files … 20

Chapter 3 - Memory Use … 21

• 3.1 - Loading Sequence … 22
• 3.2 - Volume Search Order … 23

• 3.3 - Memory Map … 23

  • 3.3.1 - Zero Page … 25
  • 3.3.2 - The System Global Page … 25
  • 3.3.3 - The System Bit Map … 25

Chapter 4 - Calls to the MLI … 27

• 4.1 - The Machine Language Interface … 28

• 4.2 - Issuing a Call to the MLI … 29

  • 4.2.1 - Parameter Lists … 31
  • 4.2.2 - The ProDOS Machine Language Exerciser … 31

• 4.3 - The MLI Calls … 32

  • 4.3.1 - Housekeeping Calls … 32
  • 4.3.2 - Filing Calls … 33
  • 4.3.3 - System Calls … 35

• 4.4 - Housekeeping Calls … 36

  • 4.4.1 - CREATE ($C0) … 36
  • 4.4.2 - DESTROY ($C1) … 40
  • 4.4.3 - RENAME ($C2) … 42
  • 4.4.4 - SET_FILE_INFO ($C3) … 43
  • 4.4.5 - GET_FILE_INFO ($C4) … 47
  • 4.4.6 - ON_LINE ($C5) … 51
  • 4.4.7 - SET_PREFIX ($C6) … 54
  • 4.4.8 - GET_PREFIX ($C7) … 55

• 4.5 - Filing Calls … 56

  • 4.5.1 - OPEN ($C8) … 56
  • 4.5.2 - NEWLINE ($C9) … 58
  • 4.5.3 - READ ($CA) … 59
  • 4.5.4 - WRITE ($CB) … 61
  • 4.5.5 - CLOSE ($CC) … 63
  • 4.5.6 - FLUSH ($CD) … 64
  • 4.5.7 - SET_MARK ($CE) … 65
  • 4.5.8 - GET_MARK ($CF) … 66
  • 4.5.9 - SET_EOF ($D0) … 67
  • 4.5.10 - GET_EOF ($D1) … 68
  • 4.5.11 - SET_BUF ($D2) … 69
  • 4.5.12 - GET_BUF ($D3) … 70

• 4.6 - System Calls … 71

  • 4.6.1 - GET_TIME ($82) … 71
  • 4.6.2 - ALLOC_INTERRUPT ($40) … 72
  • 4.6.3 - DEALLOC_INTERRUPT ($41) … 73

• 4.7 - Direct Disk Access Commands … 73

  • 4.7.1 - READ_BLOCK ($80) … 74
  • 4.7.2 - WRITE_BLOCK ($81) … 75
• 4.8 - MLI Error Codes … 77

Chapter 5 - Writing a ProDOS System Program … 81

• 5.1 - System Program Requirements … 82

  • 5.1.1 - Placement in Memory … 82
  • 5.1.2 - Relocating the Code … 84
  • 5.1.3 - Updating the System Global Page … 84

  • 5.1.4 - The System Bit Map … 84

    • 5.1.4.1 - Using the Bit Map … 85

  • 5.1.5 - Switching System Programs … 86

    • 5.1.5.1 - Starting System Programs … 86
    • 5.1.5.2 - Quitting System Programs … 87

• 5.2 - Managing System Resources … 89

  • 5.2.1 - Using the Stack … 89

  • 5.2.2 - Using the Alternate 64K RAM Bank … 89

    • 5.2.2.1 - Protecting Auxiliary Bank Hi-Res Graphics Pages … 89
    • 5.2.2.2 - Disconnecting /RAM … 90
    • 5.2.2.3 - How to Treat RAM Disks With More Than 64K … 91
    • 5.2.2.4 - Reinstalling /RAM … 92
  • 5.2.3 - The System Global Page … 94
  • 5.2.4 - Rules for Using the System Global Page … 94

• 5.3 - General Techniques … 98

  • 5.3.1 - Determining Machine Configuration … 98

    • 5.3.1.1 - Machine Type … 98
    • 5.3.1.2 - Memory Size … 98
    • 5.3.1.3 - 80-Column Text Card … 99
  • 5.3.2 - Using the Date … 99
  • 5.3.3 - System Program Defaults … 100
  • 5.3.4 - Finding a Volume … 100
  • 5.3.5 - Using the RESET Vector … 101

• 5.4 - ProDOS System Program Conventions … 101

Chapter 6 - Adding Routines to ProDOS … 103

• 6.1 - Clock/Calendar Routines … 104

  • 6.1.1 - Other Clock/Calendars … 106

• 6.2 - Interrupt Handling Routines … 106

  • 6.2.1 - Interrupts During MLI Calls … 108
  • 6.2.2 - Sample Interrupt Routine … 109

• 6.3 - Disk Driver Routines … 112

  • 6.3.1 - ROM Code Conventions … 112
  • 6.3.2 - Call Parameters … 114

Appendix A - The ProDOS BASIC System Program … 117

• A.1 - Memory Map … 118

• A.2 - HIMEM … 120

  • A.2.1 - Buffer Management … 121

• A.3 - The BASIC Global Page … 123

  • A.3.1 - BASIC.SYSTEM Commands From Assembly Language … 131

  • A.3.2 - Adding Commands to the BASIC System Program … 134

    • A.3.2.1 - BEEP Example … 136
    • A.3.3.2 - BEEPSLOT Example … 138
  • A.3.3 - Command String Parsing … 140
• A.4 - Zero Page … 142
• A.5 - The Extended 80-Column Text Card … 143

Appendix B - File Organization … 145

• B.1 - Format of Information on a Volume … 146

• B.2 - Format of Directory Files … 147

  • B.2.1 - Pointer Fields … 148
  • B.2.2 - Volume Directory Headers … 148
  • B.2.3 - Subdirectory Headers … 151
  • B.2.4 - File Entries … 154
  • B.2.5 - Reading a Directory File … 157

• B.3 - Format of Standard Files … 159

  • B.3.1 - Growing a Tree File … 159
  • B.3.2 - Seedling Files … 161
  • B.3.3 - Sapling Files … 162
  • B.3.4 - Tree Files … 163
  • B.3.5 - Using Standard Files … 163
  • B.3.6 - Sparse Files … 164
  • B.3.7 - Locating a Byte in a File … 166

• B.4 - Disk Organization … 167

  • B.4.1 - Standard Files … 169

  • B.4.2 - Header and Entry Fields … 170

    • B.4.2.1 - The storage_type Attribute … 171
    • B.4.2.2 - The creation and last_mod Fields … 171
    • B.4.2.3 - The access Attribute … 172
    • B.4.2.4 - The file_type Attribute … 172
• B.5 - DOS 3.3 Disk Organization … 174

Appendix C - ProDOS, the Apple III, and SOS … 175

• C.1 - ProDOS, the Apple III, and SOS … 176
• C.2 - File Compatibility … 176

• C.3 - Operating System Compatibility … 177

  • C.3.1 - Comparison of Input/Output … 177
  • C.3.2 - Comparison of Filing Calls … 177
  • C.3.3 - Memory Handling Techniques … 178
  • C.3.4 - Comparison of Interrupts … 178

Appendix D - The ProDOS Machine Language Exerciser … 179

• D.1 - How to Use It … 180
• D.2 - Modify Buffer … 181

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